This results in a double bond with the central Carbon atom. In this case, we can move two valence electrons from the lone Oxygen atom. Carbon has 6 electrons and, as such, needs two more valence electrons to complete its octet. The Hydrogen atoms have also met their outer shell requirements. The Oxygen atoms now have 8 electrons attached to them. The remaining valence electrons are then placed around the outermost atoms, consequently filling their outer shells. Now that the chemical bonds have been formed, the octets of the constituent atoms must be filled. This is represented in the figures below. Two valence electrons are placed between atoms to form covalent bonds. One of these acts as a hydroxyl (OH) group. There are two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. This has been calculated above to be 18.Ĭarbon acts as the central atom and facilitates bonding. To obtain the Lewis structure of HCOOH, we must first determine the valence electrons available. In addition to representing the basic structure of the molecule, it is an essential tool for classification and visualization. Some of these include molecular structure and polarity. The Lewis structure of a molecule gives insight into its various properties. Therefore, the total number of valence electrons in Formic Acid (HCOOH):Ĥ + 2 + 12 = 18 Valence Electrons HCOOH Lewis Structure Therefore, the two Oxygen atoms present in the molecule contribute 6 x 2 = 12 valence electrons. Oxygen’s electronic configuration is 1s22s22p4. Therefore, the two Hydrogen atoms contribute 1 x 2 = 2 valence electrons.īeing in group 6 of the periodic table, Oxygen has six valence electrons and has a valency of -2. Hydrogen has an electronic configuration of 1s1. Therefore, the single Carbon atom contributes 4 x 1 = 4 valence electrons. Let us now calculate the number of valence electrons available to us in HCOOH.Ĭarbon is in group 4 of the periodic table with the electronic configuration 2s22p2. These are used to represent chemical bonds and octets on the Lewis structure. Valence electrons are present in the atom’s outermost shell and can break away to form chemical bonds. To determine the Lewis structure of a particular compound, we must first determine the number of valence electrons available to us. Concluding Remarks HCOOH Valence Electrons.of valence electrons (2 x 1) + (4 x 1) + (6 x 2) = 18 valence electrons Hybridization of the central atom sp2 Bond Angles Approximately 120° (124-126) Molecular Geometry of HCOOH Trigonal Planar Molecular Geometry Some of the properties of HCOOH are given below: Name of the molecule HCOOH No. Long-term exposure can lead to chronic kidney disease. It is also used as a soldering agent, a tanning agent in the leather industry, and as an alternative to hydrogen in fuel cells.įormic acid can cause mild irritation and blisters. It is used mainly as a preservative for livestock feed. HCOOH is also the simplest carboxylic acid. Oxidation of biomass, electrochemical reduction, and biosynthesis are other methods through which Formic acid can be obtained. Some manufacturers have worked around this by employing novel methods such as liquid-liquid extraction to separate Formic acid from water.įormic acid is also obtained as a byproduct in the production of acetic acid through oxidation. The above reaction requires an excess of water and can be inefficient. This intermediary undergoes hydrolysis to give Formic Acid. The reaction of Carbon Monoxide with Methanol in the presence of Sodium Methoxide gives Methyl Formate. HCOOH can be obtained via several processes. Some ants and other insects use formic acid to ward off predators or other threats. Formic acid exists in a dimer form in the vapor phase as well as in Hydrocarbons.įormic acid owes its name to the Latin word ‘Formica,’ which translates to ants. It is soluble in water and polar solvents. In its purest form, the compound is a colorless liquid that gives off a pungent odor and fumes. The compound is also referred to as a ‘Methanoic Acid’. The chemical formula HCOOH represents Formic Acid.
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